Several studies have reported EQ-associated anomalies not only on the surface of the Earth, but also from different satellites in atmosphere during the period of seismic preparation. The Earthquake (EQ) events significantly impacts the Earth’s atmosphere by the incorporation of abrupt energy from the epicentral regions within the seismic preparation zone. These multiple-parameter irregularities can contribute with the physical understanding of Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) in the future in order to forecast EQs. Similarly, we also observed enhancement in LST and OLR around the seismic preparation region within 3–10 days before the EQ, which validates the precursory behavior of all the atmospheric parameters. We observed a sharp decrease in the RH and AP before the main shock, followed by an immense enhancement in AT. Moreover, we found EQ-associated atmospheric abnormalities in a time window of 3–10 days before the main shock by different methods (e.g., statistical, wavelet transformation, deep learning, and Machine Learning (ML)-based neural networks). We studied EQ anomalies in Land Surface Temperature (LST), Air Temperature (AT), Relative Humidity (RH), Air Pressure (AP), and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR). This study includes a multi-sensors analysis to estimate the spatial-temporal variations of atmospheric parameters as precursory signals to the M w 7.2 Haiti Earthquake (EQ).
The remote sensing-based Earth satellites has become a beneficial instrument for the monitoring of natural hazards.
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